![]() ![]() Historian and writer Alec Nevala-Lee’s 2022 biography, aptly titled Inventor of the Future: The Visionary Life of Buckminster Fuller (Dey St. But “inventor” is probably the most accurate description. He’s variously described as a “systems thinker,” perhaps the first “futurist,” a visionary, engineer, geometer, and architect (he won the AIA Gold Medal in 1970). Born in the last decade of the 19th century, Fuller lived long enough to hang out with Steve Jobs. Buckminster Fuller primarily through his oeuvre of iconic objects and ideas created over the arc of a nearly 90-year life. Flattening The Earth-2000 Years of Map Projections, The University of Chicago Press. In: International Yearbook of Cartography. "A New Map Projection: Its Development and Characteristics". Guidelines for presentation of surveillance data: tables graphs maps. ^ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.^ From the formulas below, this can be calculated as 1.3523 0.8487 ⋅ 2 π ≈ 0.2536."Area deformation on the Robinson projection". Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453. ^ "Table for Constructing the Robinson Projection"."A Computational Approach to the Robinson Projection". Robinson, 89 Geographer improved world map". ^ New York Times News Service (November 16, 2004).Robinson, 89 Cartographer Hailed for Map's Elliptical Design". This map features the Winkel Tripel projection to reduce distortion of land masses as they near the poles. ^ "National Geographic Maps – Wall Maps – World Classic (Enlarged)".Flattening the Earth: 2000 Years of Map Projections. "The Impossible Quest for the Perfect Map". ^ a b c John Noble Wilford (October 25, 1988).Ĭoordinates of points on a map are computed as follows: The X column is the ratio of the length of the parallel to the length of the equator the Y column can be multiplied by 0.2536 to obtain the ratio of the distance of that parallel from the equator to the length of the equator. Robinson did not specify any particular interpolation method, but it is reported that others used either Aitken interpolation (with polynomials of unknown degrees) or cubic splines while analyzing area deformation on the Robinson projection. The table is indexed by latitude at 5-degree intervals intermediate values are calculated using interpolation. The projection is defined by the table: Latitude 1988 New York Times article Formulation Most mapmakers start with the mathematics. Then I figured out the mathematical formula to produce that effect. I worked with the variables until it got to the point where, if I changed one of them, it didn't get any better. I visualized the best-looking shapes and sizes. … I started with a kind of artistic approach. However, at the time it was developed, the projection effectively met Rand McNally's goal to produce appealing depictions of the entire world. The straight parallels imply severe angular distortion at the high latitudes toward the outer edges of the map – a fault inherent in any pseudocylindrical projection. Hence, distortion close to the poles is severe, but quickly declines to moderate levels moving away from them. The meridians curve gently, avoiding extremes, but thereby stretch the poles into long lines instead of leaving them as points. The creator felt that this produced a better overall view than could be achieved by adhering to either. The Robinson projection is neither equal-area nor conformal, abandoning both for a compromise. In 1998 NGS abandoned the Robinson projection for that use in favor of the Winkel tripel projection, as the latter "reduces the distortion of land masses as they near the poles". The National Geographic Society (NGS) began using the Robinson projection for general-purpose world maps in 1988, replacing the Van der Grinten projection. Robinson published details of the projection's construction in 1974. Robinson in 1963 in response to an appeal from the Rand McNally company, which has used the projection in general-purpose world maps since that time. The Robinson projection was devised by Arthur H. It was specifically created in an attempt to find a good compromise to the problem of readily showing the whole globe as a flat image. ![]() The Robinson projection is a map projection of a world map which shows the entire world at once. Map of the world created by the Central Intelligence Agency, with standard parallels 38°N and 38°S ![]()
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